Crude Vegetable Oil Refining First Level

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Detailed explanation of full refining

We call the oil extracted from the oil press as crude oil. The main component of crude oil is a mixture of triglyceride fatty acid esters (commonly known as neutral oil). In addition to neutral oils, crude oil also contains non-glyceride substances (collectively referred to as impurities), whose types, properties and states can be roughly divided into three categories: mechanical impurities, fat-soluble impurities and water-soluble impurities. It cannot be used directly. The purpose of refining is to remove solid impurities, free fatty acids, phospholipids, gums, waxes, pigments, odors, etc. contained in vegetable oils. This process is called "full refining".

It has five basic functions:

1. Hydration degumming

Using the hydrophilicity of colloidal impurities such as phospholipids, a certain amount of water or electrolyte dilute solution is added to the crude oil while stirring, so that the colloidal impurities in the crude oil absorb water, swell, agglomerate, and separate the degumming method. In the process of hydration and degumming, in addition to protein, mucus and trace metal ions combined with phospholipids, phospholipids are the main substances that can coagulate and precipitate.

2. Alkali refining and deacidification

All kinds of unrefined crude oils contain some amount of free fatty acids. The process of removing free fatty acids from oils and fats is called deacidification. Deacidification methods include alkali refining, distillation, solvent extraction and esterification. Alkaline refining and steam distillation (physical refining) are widely used in industrial production.

3. Adsorption decolorization

Oil adsorption decolorization is to use some substances (such as bleaching earth, activated clay, activated carbon, etc.) to have a strong selective adsorption effect on pigments, and absorb impurities such as pigments in oil under certain conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of decolorization. After the oil is treated by the adsorbent, it can not only improve the color of the oil, remove the gum, but also effectively remove some trace metal ions and some substances that can cause poisoning of the hydrogenation catalyst, so as to provide further refining (hydrogenation and deodorization) of the oil. in good condition.

4. High temperature deodorization and dehydration

It is a process in which abnormal odor substances are removed by steam distillation under high temperature and high vacuum by using the difference in volatilization of odor substances in oils and triglycerides. The principle of steam distillation and deodorization (also known as stripping method) is that the water vapor passes through the oil containing odorous components, the surface of the vapor and liquid contacts, the water vapor is saturated with volatile odorous components, and escapes according to its partial pressure ratio, so as to achieve The purpose of removing odor components.

The vegetable oil treated by the above "process" is called refined oil.

Basic complete list of primary refining system equipment

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